LIFE BYVardellNursing Home
Report

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Villa at Pine Place

Skilled nursing facility and nursing facility

4800 Clintonville Rd
Clarkston, MI 48346

Report Date
Nov 1, 2026
Data Through
Oct 1, 2026
Report ID
VR-MI-235461-2611
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The Vardell Report.Villa at Pine Place

The deeper story, beautifully organized. Available records, historical context, and questions worth asking.

Provider Category
Nursing home
Location
Clarkston, MI
Record Period
2023–2026
Source Documents
13
Read the report

This report is free. Vardell does not certify, grade or endorse; it shows what the record documents.

01

The Essentials

Summary

Across 11 inspections from November 2023 to August 2026, state surveyors documented 56 findings at Villa at Pine Place; 56 have a recorded correction; CMS lists 4 enforcement actions in the window.

Inspections
11
2023–2026, complaint and standard
Findings
56
Deficiencies cited by state inspectors
Corrected
56
Of 56 findings, with a recorded correction date
Penalties
4
2 fines; payment not published, 2 closed

Findings by Year

  • Findings
  • Of which, actual harm (level G or above)
2023: 20 findings across 1 inspection; of which, actual harm (level G or above): 22020231 inspection2024: 20 findings across 6 inspections; of which, actual harm (level G or above): 12020246 inspections2025: 14 findings across 2 inspections; of which, actual harm (level G or above): 21420252 inspections2026: 2 findings across 2 inspections22026*2 inspections2023: 20 findings across 1 inspection; of which, actual harm (level G or above): 22020231 insp.2024: 20 findings across 6 inspections; of which, actual harm (level G or above): 12020246 insp.2025: 14 findings across 2 inspections; of which, actual harm (level G or above): 21420252 insp.2026: 2 findings across 2 inspections22026*2 insp.

* Partial year, through October 1, 2026.

Findings by year
YearInspectionsFindingsOf which, actual harm (level G or above)
20231202
20246201
20252142
2026220

What the Record Shows

  • 56 of 56 findings have a recorded correction date.
  • CMS lists 4 enforcement actions in the window: 2 fines totaling $179,680, their payment not published; denial of payment imposed November 1, 2023, ended January 13, 2024; denial of payment imposed April 4, 2024, ended May 14, 2024.
  • 11 visits in this window included a complaint investigation. CMS publishes what a complaint investigation cited, not what the complaint alleged.
  • The latest standard inspection, August 21, 2025, recorded 13 findings (most serious: Level G).
02

Chronology

Inspection History

Every inspection in the record window, newest first. A finding is a deficiency an inspector cited. CMS publishes what a complaint investigation cited, not what the complaint alleged.

  1. 2026

    Complaint investigation

    1 finding

    • F684Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Aug 27, 2026

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  2. 2026

    Complaint investigation

    1 finding

    • F600Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Apr 29, 2026

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  3. 2025

    Standard health inspection

    13 findings

    The same visit included a complaint investigation.

    • F689Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.Level GActual harmCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F880Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.Level FNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F550Honor the resident's right to a dignified existence, self-determination, communication, and to exercise his or her rights.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F584Honor the resident's right to a safe, clean, comfortable and homelike environment, including but not limited to receiving treatment and supports for daily living safely.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F602Protect each resident from the wrongful use of the resident's belongings or money.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F800Provide each resident with a nourishing, palatable, well-balanced diet that meets his or her daily nutritional and special dietary needs.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F812Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F557Honor the resident's right to be treated with respect and dignity and to retain and use personal possessions.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F558Reasonably accommodate the needs and preferences of each resident.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F583Keep residents' personal and medical records private and confidential.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F600Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F690Provide appropriate care for residents who are continent or incontinent of bowel/bladder, appropriate catheter care, and appropriate care to prevent urinary tract infections.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025
    • F692Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Sep 9, 2025

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  4. 2025

    Complaint investigation

    1 finding

    • F686Provide appropriate pressure ulcer care and prevent new ulcers from developing.Level GActual harmCorrected Jan 7, 2025

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  5. 2024

    Standard health inspection

    10 findings

    The same visit included a complaint investigation.

    • F812Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.Level FNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F679Provide activities to meet all resident's needs.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F692Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F693Ensure that feeding tubes are not used unless there is a medical reason and the resident agrees; and provide appropriate care for a resident with a feeding tube.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F698Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F725Provide enough nursing staff every day to meet the needs of every resident; and have a licensed nurse in charge on each shift.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F758Implement gradual dose reductions(GDR) and non-pharmacological interventions, unless contraindicated, prior to initiating or instead of continuing psychotropic medication; and PRN orders for psychotropic medications are only used when the medication is necessary and PRN use is limited.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F880Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F881Implement a program that monitors antibiotic use.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024
    • F697Provide safe, appropriate pain management for a resident who requires such services.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Oct 11, 2024

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  6. 2024

    Complaint investigation

    1 finding

    • F635Provide doctor's orders for the resident's immediate care at the time the resident was admitted.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Jul 19, 2024

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  7. 2024

    Complaint investigation

    4 findings

    • F610Respond appropriately to all alleged violations.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected May 14, 2024
    • F656Develop and implement a complete care plan that meets all the resident's needs, with timetables and actions that can be measured.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected May 14, 2024
    • F689Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected May 14, 2024
    • F745Provide medically-related social services to help each resident achieve the highest possible quality of life.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected May 14, 2024

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  8. 2024

    Complaint investigation

    3 findings

    • F692Provide enough food/fluids to maintain a resident's health.Level GActual harmCorrected Apr 30, 2024
    • F880Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.Level FNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Apr 30, 2024
    • F585Honor the resident's right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Apr 30, 2024

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  9. 2024

    Complaint investigation

    1 finding

    • F677Provide care and assistance to perform activities of daily living for any resident who is unable.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Mar 8, 2024

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  10. 2024

    Complaint investigation

    1 finding

    • F600Protect each resident from all types of abuse such as physical, mental, sexual abuse, physical punishment, and neglect by anybody.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Jan 13, 2024

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

  11. 2023

    Standard health inspection

    20 findings

    The same visit included a complaint investigation.

    • F684Provide appropriate treatment and care according to orders, resident’s preferences and goals.Level GActual harmCorrected Nov 28, 2023
    • F689Ensure that a nursing home area is free from accident hazards and provides adequate supervision to prevent accidents.Level GActual harmCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F812Procure food from sources approved or considered satisfactory and store, prepare, distribute and serve food in accordance with professional standards.Level FNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F880Provide and implement an infection prevention and control program.Level FNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F756Ensure a licensed pharmacist perform a monthly drug regimen review, including the medical chart, following irregularity reporting guidelines in developed policies and procedures.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F758Implement gradual dose reductions(GDR) and non-pharmacological interventions, unless contraindicated, prior to initiating or instead of continuing psychotropic medication; and PRN orders for psychotropic medications are only used when the medication is necessary and PRN use is limited.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 28, 2023
    • F761Ensure drugs and biologicals used in the facility are labeled in accordance with currently accepted professional principles; and all drugs and biologicals must be stored in locked compartments, separately locked, compartments for controlled drugs.Level ENo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F554Allow residents to self-administer drugs if determined clinically appropriate.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F578Honor the resident's right to request, refuse, and/or discontinue treatment, to participate in or refuse to participate in experimental research, and to formulate an advance directive.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F580Immediately tell the resident, the resident's doctor, and a family member of situations (injury/decline/room, etc.) that affect the resident.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F585Honor the resident's right to voice grievances without discrimination or reprisal and the facility must establish a grievance policy and make prompt efforts to resolve grievances.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F604Ensure that each resident is free from the use of physical restraints, unless needed for medical treatment.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 28, 2023
    • F658Ensure services provided by the nursing facility meet professional standards of quality.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 28, 2023
    • F661Ensure necessary information is communicated to the resident, and receiving health care provider at the time of a planned discharge.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F688Provide appropriate care for a resident to maintain and/or improve range of motion (ROM), limited ROM and/or mobility, unless a decline is for a medical reason.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F693Ensure that feeding tubes are not used unless there is a medical reason and the resident agrees; and provide appropriate care for a resident with a feeding tube.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F698Provide safe, appropriate dialysis care/services for a resident who requires such services.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023
    • F755Provide pharmaceutical services to meet the needs of each resident and employ or obtain the services of a licensed pharmacist.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 28, 2023
    • F759Ensure medication error rates are not 5 percent or greater.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 28, 2023
    • F760Ensure that residents are free from significant medication errors.Level DNo actual harm, potential for moreCorrected Nov 24, 2023

    Enforcement Action

    Civil money penalty, $127,399 imposed November 1, 2023. CMS publishes the fine, not whether it has been paid. CMS does not tie a penalty to a survey; listed with the standard health inspection of November 1, 2023, the nearest before the penalty date.

    Enforcement Action

    Denial of payment imposed November 1, 2023. Status: Closed, January 13, 2024. CMS does not tie a penalty to a survey; listed with the standard health inspection of November 1, 2023, the nearest before the penalty date.

    Enforcement Action

    Civil money penalty, $52,281 imposed April 4, 2024. CMS publishes the fine, not whether it has been paid. CMS does not tie a penalty to a survey; listed with the standard health inspection of November 1, 2023, the nearest before the penalty date.

    Enforcement Action

    Denial of payment imposed April 4, 2024. Status: Closed, May 14, 2024. CMS does not tie a penalty to a survey; listed with the standard health inspection of November 1, 2023, the nearest before the penalty date.

    Source: Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

Severity levels follow the CMS scope and severity grid. A–C: potential for minimal harm. D–F: no actual harm, potential for more than minimal harm. G–I: actual harm. J–L: immediate jeopardy.

03

Context

Patterns Worth Examining

A repeated citation can merit attention, but context and corrective action must be reviewed before drawing a conclusion.

  1. 1

    Infection Control, Cited in Four Inspections

    Inspectors cited F880 in November 2023, April 2024, September 2024 and August 2025. This citation covers hand hygiene, isolation practice and the home’s infection-prevention program. None rose above level F (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F880 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  2. 2

    Protection From Abuse and Neglect, Cited in Three Inspections

    Inspectors cited F600 in January 2024, August 2025 and May 2026. This citation covers whether residents are protected from abuse and neglect by anyone. None rose above level D (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F600 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  3. 3

    Accident Hazards and Supervision, Cited in Three Inspections

    Inspectors cited F689 in November 2023, April 2024 and August 2025. This citation covers whether residents are protected from accident hazards and supervised closely enough to prevent accidents, including falls. The most serious of these was recorded at level G (actual harm). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F689 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  4. 4

    Nutrition and Hydration, Cited in Three Inspections

    Inspectors cited F692 in April 2024, September 2024 and August 2025. This citation covers whether residents get enough food and fluids to stay healthy. The most serious of these was recorded at level G (actual harm). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F692 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  5. 5

    Kitchen and Food Safety, Cited in Three Inspections

    Inspectors cited F812 in November 2023, September 2024 and August 2025. This citation covers how food is stored, prepared and served. None rose above level F (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F812 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  6. 6

    Grievances, Cited in Two Inspections

    Inspectors cited F585 in November 2023 and April 2024. This citation covers residents’ right to voice grievances without reprisal, and the home’s process for resolving them. None rose above level D (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F585 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  7. 7

    Quality of Care, Cited in Two Inspections

    Inspectors cited F684 in November 2023 and August 2026. This citation covers whether residents receive the treatment their orders, preferences and goals call for. The most serious of these was recorded at level G (actual harm). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F684 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  8. 8

    Citation F693, Cited in Two Inspections

    Inspectors cited F693 in November 2023 and September 2024. The agency describes it this way: Ensure that feeding tubes are not used unless there is a medical reason and the resident agrees; and provide appropriate care for a resident with a feeding tube. None rose above level D (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F693 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  9. 9

    Dialysis Care, Cited in Two Inspections

    Inspectors cited F698 in November 2023 and September 2024. This citation covers care for residents who need dialysis. None rose above level D (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F698 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
  10. 10

    Psychotropic Medications, Cited in Two Inspections

    Inspectors cited F758 in November 2023 and September 2024. This citation covers how psychotropic drugs are used, including dose reductions and limits on as-needed orders. None rose above level E (no actual harm, potential for more). Each citation has a recorded correction, and a repeat after correction is worth a direct question.

    2324242424242425252626F758 across all 11 inspections, oldest to newest
04

For Your Next Visit

Questions to Ask on Your Visit

Bring these to the tour. Each one comes from something in the record; the reason is under the question.

  1. 01

    Who leads infection control here, and how often are hand-hygiene and isolation practices audited?

    Infection Control: cited in four inspections, most seriously at level F.

  2. 02

    What happened after the abuse or neglect citation, and what changed in training or supervision?

    Protection From Abuse and Neglect: cited in three inspections, most seriously at level D.

  3. 03

    What changed in fall prevention and supervision after the last citation, and how do you check that it is still working?

    Accident Hazards and Supervision: cited in three inspections, most seriously at level G.

  4. 04

    How are weight and fluid intake tracked, and what happens when a resident starts losing weight?

    Nutrition and Hydration: cited in three inspections, most seriously at level G.

  5. 05

    May we see the kitchen, and what do your own sanitation checks look like week to week?

    Kitchen and Food Safety: cited in three inspections, most seriously at level F.

  6. 06

    How do we file a grievance, who answers it, and how quickly?

    Grievances: cited in two inspections, most seriously at level D.

  7. 07

    How do nurses make sure a doctor’s orders are carried out, and how are families told when something is missed?

    Quality of Care: cited in two inspections, most seriously at level G.

  8. 08

    What changed after F693 was cited, and how do you check it now?

    Citation F693: cited in two inspections, most seriously at level D.

  9. 09

    How is dialysis care coordinated, and who monitors residents before and after treatment?

    Dialysis Care: cited in two inspections, most seriously at level D.

  10. 10

    How many residents take psychotropic medications, and how often are doses reviewed for reduction?

    Psychotropic Medications: cited in two inspections, most seriously at level E.

  11. 11

    How many nurses and aides are on each shift, including nights and weekends, for the unit we are considering?

    Insufficient nursing staff was cited in September 2024.

  12. 12

    What led to the 2024 fine, and has it been paid?

    A $52,281 civil money penalty was imposed April 4, 2024. CMS publishes the fine, not whether it has been paid. The record holds four enforcement actions in the window.

05

The Evidence

Sources and Coverage

Inspection results and penalties are published by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services from surveys conducted by the Michigan state survey agency.

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Nov 1, 2023 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Jan 3, 2024 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Feb 20, 2024 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Apr 4, 2024 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Apr 24, 2024 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Jun 25, 2024 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Sep 11, 2024 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection May 22, 2025 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Aug 21, 2025 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection May 13, 2026 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Health inspection results, as published by CMS (Health Deficiencies and Inspection Dates, Provider Data Catalog)

    Michigan state survey agency

    Inspection Aug 4, 2026 · Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

  • Penalties, Provider Data Catalog

    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

    Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

    View Dataset ↗
  • Provider Information, Provider Data Catalog

    Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services · 235461

    Published Oct 1, 2026 · Retrieved Nov 1, 2026

    View Dataset ↗

Coverage

Record windowNovember 1, 2023 – October 1, 2026

  • CMS publishes about three inspection cycles; inspections before November 2023 are not in this release.
  • CMS refreshes these files monthly, after statements of deficiencies are processed, so an inspection from the last two months may not appear yet.

What This Report Cannot Tell You

Complaints not investigated onsite
Allegations screened out by the state before an onsite visit are not published.
Complaint allegations
CMS publishes the deficiencies a complaint survey cited, not the allegation itself.
Facility-reported incidents
Self-reported incidents appear only if they led to an inspection.
Follow-up visits
CMS's files list standard, complaint and infection control surveys, not revisits; a correction date is the one CMS records.
Fire safety inspections
Published by CMS separately and not included in this record yet.
Staffing levels and ownership history
Published by CMS separately and not included in this record.
Whether fines were paid
CMS publishes the fines imposed, not whether or when they were paid.

Historical coverage varies by agency and location. Missing records do not mean that no complaint or violation occurred.

Data architecture: Cierto supplies the source-backed machine-readable bundle. Life by Vardell independently creates the narrative, design, and consumer report.